What caused the initiative to urgently adopt a new law on KRT in December last year? Were the existing mechanisms insufficient?
It is worth remembering the RZT program (reconstruction of built-up areas) in the period 2000-2010. Its purpose was to resolve the issue of dilapidated and dilapidated apartment buildings. As part of this program, entire neighborhoods were demolished - mostly 2-3-storey barracks, but not only. At that time, the main criterion for making a decision on RHT was the accident rate of housing, although quite strong houses of the Stalinist period were often hit by a bulldozer.
Why did the state need this program? The answer is simple - to shift the responsibility for the reconstruction and repair of urban housing stock and dilapidated networks onto the shoulders of private business - on the developers. Give the developer the right, at his discretion, to determine the urban development of entire urban areas and quarters. And developers actively used this model in accordance with understandable business interests: instead of 2-3-storey “bad” houses, “good” 16- and 25-storey houses were being erected. The place of the "bad" - marginal inhabitants of the barracks - was taken by new "good" - solvent townspeople.
The only question is - what to do with the bad ones? For them, in accordance with the RZT agreement, developers had to provide housing in accordance with the standard of housing provision for all registered citizens. Naturally, in many emergency houses, there were several families registered in one room at once. And, of course, they received their new housing no longer in the city center, but on the periphery in a tough economy format.
By the way, developers bought the right to develop RZT at an auction, and this was one of the major sources of income for the city budget. The city, in fact, traded its land and sold it along with the inhabitants!
The social consequences of such a process, of course, turned out to be negative, since the replacement of the old low-density building with a new high-density one led to a significant increase in the number of residents, the developers did not fully provide the corresponding social and engineering infrastructure, and the city did not have time to build and did not have sufficient funds for this.
Another bias was the reckless increase in the height of buildings in the pursuit of increased profits. During this period, changes were urgently made to the PZZ, allowing to build up to 25 floors throughout the city, regardless of territorial zones - it was profitable for the construction industry to squeeze out the maximum square meters, market demand made it possible to sell quickly and a lot. It was at this time that the middle-rise residential buildings disappeared as a class in the city, they were practically excluded from the state-owned enterprise and PZZ.
At the same time, many conflicts arose associated with the emergence of "infill development", since within the framework of the planning elements that are part of the RZT, not all objects were recognized as emergency, and often those that were in the worst condition or were of the greatest economic interest for developers from the point view of the potential of the site.
Also, the RZT program led to mass segregation of the population - the replacement of indigenous people with new ones, and not only to a fundamental change in the parameters of the urban environment, but also to the destruction of the usual socio-cultural space and ways of life.
The results of the RZT program are still being heard. These are problems with providing new residents with urban infrastructure, a resource of engineering communications, the capacity of the street and road network, and the poor efficiency of the public transport system. Many territories involved at that time in the development under the RZT program have yet to be built up - we will see the results later.
So, KRT - what's new?
By its definition and name, "Integrated development of the territory" is intended to ensure "balanced" development, based on an "integrated" approach. The first editions discussed issues related to the need to preserve the urban environment, valuable development for the city, comprehensive social development and mechanisms to ensure all this. KRT was supposed to provide the prerequisites for a successful public-private partnership in the development of territories. Simpler
In the photo: Timur Abdullaev
